2023年老托福真题及答案24篇（全文）

老托福真题及答案第1篇PASSAGE3TheNativeAmericansofnorthernCaliforniawerehighlyskilledatbasketry,usingthereeds,g下面是小编为大家整理的老托福真题及答案24篇,供大家参考。

老托福真题及答案 第1篇

PASSAGE 3

The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds,grasses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes — notonly trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and

Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo — a group who lived on or near the coast duringthe 1800"s, and whose descendants continue to live in parts of the same region to this Theymade baskets three feet in diameter and others no bigger than a The Pomo people weremasters of Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants;others with feathers that made the baskets" surfaces as soft as the breasts of Moreover, thePomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their Most groups madeall their basketwork by twining — the twisting of a flexible horizontal material, called a weft,around stiffer vertical strands of material, the Others depended primarily on coiling — aprocess in which a continuous coil of stiff material is held in the desired shape with tightwrapping of flexible Only the Pomo people used both processes with equal ease In addition, they made use of four distinct variations on the basic twining process,often employing more than one of them in a single

Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people used only a Thewarp was always made of willow, and the most commonly used weft was sedge root, a woodyfiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a For color, the Pomopeople used the bark of redbud for their twined work and dyed bullrush root for black in Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their

If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designs were Every Pomo basketmaker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty distinct patternsthat could be combined in a number of different

What best distinguished Pomo baskets

from baskets of other groups?

(A) The range of sizes, shapes, and designs

(B) The unusual geometric

(C) The absence of decoration

(D) The rare materials used

The word fashion in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) maintain

(B) organize

(C) trade

(D) create

The Pomo people used each of the following materials to decorate baskets EXCEPT

(A) shells

(B) feathers

(C) leaves

(D) bark

What is the author"s main point in the second paragraph?

(A) The neighbors of the Pomo people tried to improve on the Pomo basket weaving

(B) The Pomo people were the most skilled basket weavers in their

(C) The Pomo people learned their basket weaving techniques from other Native

(D) The Pomo baskets have been handed down for

The word others in line 9 refers to

(A) masters

(B) baskets

(C) pendants

(D) surfaces

According to the passage , a weft is a

(A) tool for separating sedge root

(B) process used for coloring baskets

(C) pliable maternal woven around the warp

(D) pattern used to decorate baskets

According to the passage , what did the Pomo people use as the warp in their baskets?

(A) bullrush

(B) willow

(C) sedge

(D) redbud

The word article in line 17 is close in meaning to

(A) decoration

(B) shape

(C) design

(D) object

According to the passage . The relationship between redbud and twining is most similar to the

relationship between

(A) bullrush and coiling

(B) weft and warp

(C) willow and feathers

(D) sedge and weaving

The word staples in line 23 is closest in meaning to

(A) combinations

(B) limitations

(C) accessories

(D) basic elements

The word distinct in lime 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) systematic

(B) beautiful

(C) different

(D) compatible

Which of the following statements about Pomo baskets can be best inferred from the

passage ?

(A) Baskets produced by other Native Americans were less varied in design than those of the

Pomo

(B) Baskets produced by Pomo weavers were primarily for ceremonial

(C) There were a very limited number of basketmaking materials available to the Pomo

(D) The basketmaking production of the Pomo people has increased over the

PASSAGE 3 BDCBB CBDAD CA

老托福真题及答案 第2篇

Any rock that has cooled and solidified from a molten state is an igneous Therefore, if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, all the rocks making up its crust may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other Even today, approximately 95 percent of the entire crust is Periodically, molten material wells out of the Earth"s interior to invade the surface layers or to flow onto the surface This material cools into a wide variety of igneous In the molten state, it is called magma as it pushes into the crust and lava when it runs out onto the

All magma consists basically of a variety of silicate minerals (high in silicon-oxygen compounds), but the chemical composition of any given flow may differ radically from that of any The resulting igneous rocks will reflect these Igneous rocks also vary in texture as well as Granite, for instance, is a coarse-grained igneous rock whose individual mineral crystals have formed to a size easily seen by the naked A slow rate of cooling has allowed the crystals to reach this Normally, slow cooling occurs when the crust is invaded by magma that remains buried well below the Granite may be found on the surface of the contemporary landscape, but from its coarse texture we know that it must have formed through slow cooling at a great depth and later been laid bare by Igneous rocks with this coarse-grained texture that formed at depth are called

On the other hand, if the same magma flows onto the surface and is quickly cooled by the atmosphere, the resulting rock will be fine-grained and appear quite different from granite, although the chemical composition will be This kind of rock is called The most finely grained igneous rock is volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no Some researchers believe this is because of rapid cooling; others believe it is because of a lack of water vapor and other gases in the The black obsidian cliffs of Yellowstone National Park are the result of a lava flow of basalt running head on into a Some of the glacier melted on contact, but suddenly there also appeared a huge black mass of glassy

老托福真题及答案 第3篇

The geology of the Earth"s surface is dominated by the particularproperties of Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states,water is exceptionally It dissolves, transports, and precipitates manychemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face of the

Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which aretransported by wind over the Condensation from the clouds providesthe essential agent of continental erosion: Precipitated onto the ground,the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting whatare called the hydrographic This immense polarized network channels thewater toward a single receptacle: an Gravity dominates this entire stepin the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by runningfrom high altitudes toward the reference point, that is, sea

The rate at which a molecule of water passes though the cycle is not randombut is a measure of the relative size of the various If we defineresidence time as the average time for a water molecule to pass through one ofthe three reservoirs — atmosphere, continent, and ocean — we see that the timesare very A water molecule stays, on average, eleven days in theatmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principalreservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on

A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of waterover the Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and somemagnesium are dissolved and Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron,and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on whichvegetation can Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanicallyduring The erosion of the continents thus results from two closelylinked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical respective interactions and efficiency depend on different

The word "modifying" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) changing

(B) traveling

(C) describing

(D) destroying

The word "which" in line 5 refers to

(A) clouds

(B) oceans

(C) continents

(D) compounds

According to the passage , clouds are primarily formed by water

(A) precipitating onto the ground

(B) changing from a solid to a liquid state

(C) evaporating from the oceans

(D) being carried by wind

The passage suggests that the purpose of the "hydrographic network"(line 8) is to

(A) determine the size of molecules of water

(B) prevent soil erosion caused by flooding

(C) move water from the Earth"s surface to the oceans

(D) regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers

What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through thecycle, as discussed in the third paragraph?

(A) The potential energy contained in water

(B) The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds

(C) The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents

(D) The relative size of the water storage areas

The word "rapidity" in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) significance

(B) method

(C) swiftness

(D) reliability

The word "they" in line 24 refers to

(A) insoluble ions

(B) soluble ions

(C) soils

(D) continents

All of the following are example of soluble ions EXCEPT

(A) magnesium

(B) iron

(C) potassium

(D) calcium

The word "efficiency" in line 27 is closest in meaning to

(A) relationship

(B) growth

(C) influence

(D) effectiveness

答案 AACCD CABD

老托福真题及答案 第4篇

为什么很多考生会对词汇题束手无措?一方面是因为考生的词汇量达不到，OG中词汇题的解释里有一句话，there is no “list of words” that must be 这句话就告诉考生死了那条心去背所谓的大纲词汇，因为没有大纲，而考试中要考查到的单词可能是来自牛津字典或朗文字典中的任何一个单词，范围大的离谱;而另一方面则是因为有的考生没有学会从上下文或者从语法结构去猜测词义。

因为OG中的解释还有一句a word might have more than one meaning, but in the reading passage, only one of those meaning is 所以很有可能考生在考试中所碰到的词汇并不是已经让人熟知的第一词义，而是要根据语境上下文推断出的第二词义甚至是第三词义，所以又对考生做题增加了难度。最可悲的是不仅文章中的单词意思不知道，连4个选项中的单词都有不认识不熟悉的，这样的结果就只能是乱猜一气，听天由命全凭运气，当然考试结果也不会好。所以在此将给考生一点准备新托福阅读考试词汇题的建议和解题方法，希望能给考生攻克词汇题给予一些帮助。

Tip: 单词记忆

单词记忆主要就是背单词。背单词是很多同学觉得非常痛苦的事情，经常会有学生来问药怎么背，背了一些又马上忘了另外一些。所以关于如何去背单词，在这里有几点建议：

1、利用零散的时间背单词。利用零散的时间背单词可以使用单词卡片。不过，为了保证效率，首先要确定哪些单词需要记忆。理论上，单词量越多越好。实际上，如果一味贪多，结果容易打疲劳战，而且效率低。所以，只记那些常考的核心词汇，而对于那些不太常用的学科名词、物质名词一般加以忽略。

2、进行高频率的重复，建议把重复的周期控制在7天以内。具体说来，就是每天背100个单词，将过一遍这些单词的时间控制在半个小时以内，每天过4遍，第二天再过一遍前一天的。如果程度不是很好的同学可以压缩到50个左右，但尽量不要低于50个。单词材料可以找一些相关的新托福阅读词汇书，或者是以往考过的词汇题内容。

把背单词和阅读相结合。广泛的阅读也是增加词汇量的一种方法，并且能够在阅读中加强对已经背过的单词的记忆。当一篇文章的生词量在5%左右的时候，这些生词的词义是可推的。所以我们在选择阅读材料的时候，应尽量将单词量控制在10%左右。单词太多，看不懂文章，太少又起不到提高的作用。相关材料可以上一些网站看，例如economist, national geographic等等。

托福阅读辅导:老托福阅读真题及答案 passage13相关

老托福真题及答案 第5篇

1、托福阅读如何使用技巧?

参加托福考试的考试一般集中在高中生、大学生，词汇量在四五千左右，他们在接触托福阅读的时候会遇到很多生词，尤其是分门别类的学科词汇，分为地理、天文、生物学、动物学四大块，学员就会有很多的误解，到底应该掌握多少词汇才能做好托福阅读。其实只要确定好中心词汇和构架词汇的区别，对学科词汇只需要认知，对构架词汇需要熟知。在技巧中只需要通过分解句型，由于托福阅读特别长，每个都是长连句分析，把它按照逻辑分解之后，按照关键词，找到重点部分，最后找到简洁的出题主干，就很容易理解了。

2、读托福阅读文章应该使用哪种顺序方法?

读文章一般都是先看题目再读文章。看题目的话，托福和雅思的区别就在于要我们自己去定位，因为每个题目都是按照文章的顺序顺延下来的，只是在最后一个小结题目的时候需要翻开前面的文章，重点读每一段的首末句找到它。

3、托福阅读做题时有哪些常见误区?

大多数同学的问题都在于对句子的理解，尤其是复合句，考生无法理解整个句子，而是会按照个别的单次来分散，造成句子理解的中断。因此考生备考阅读时需要学会把句子分解，去看句子的构架，这样去找主干的话就会容易的多了。由于托福阅读中，一长段的内容实际上有效信息并不多，要从中找出有效信息就需要对句型有了解，只看独立的词就无法理解意思。

4、托福阅读词汇量过大学六级就能拿高分吗?

考生考过六级之后不一定能在托福上获得高分，六级和托福的考试还是有非常大的区别。六级的词汇量是考托福起码的一个基础。因为六级背诵的大多数是构架词汇，这些是需要熟练的。如果有六级词汇的基础，后续学习中基础提高也会比较快。

老托福真题及答案 第6篇

Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Their physical characteristics

(B) Their names

(C) Their adaptation to different habitats

(D) Their variety

The word "consequence" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) result

(B) explanation

(C) analysis

(D) requirement

Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues because they

(A) are simple in structure

(B) are viewed positively by people

(C) have been given scientific names

(D) are found mainly in temperate climates

The word "striking" in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) physical

(B) confusing

(C) noticeable

(D) successful

The word "exceed" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) locate

(B) allow

(C) go beyond

(D) come close to

All of the following are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity EXCEPT

(A) differences between temperate and tropical zones

(B) patterns of distribution of species in each region

(C) migration among temperate and tropical zones

(D) variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants

The author mentions tropical Asia in lines 19 as an example of a location where

(A) butterfly behavior varies with climate

(B) a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly established

(C) butterflies are affected by human populations

(D) documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterfly species

Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists?

(A) European butterfly habitats

(B) Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions

(C) Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region

(D) Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups

The word "generated" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) requested

(B) caused

(C) assisted

(D) estimated

老托福真题及答案 第7篇

一、带-ing词尾的介词

barring：except，not including除外

concerning：about，regarding论及，关于

excepting=except

failing：in default of因缺少;在缺少。时

following：after in time;as a sequel to在以后

including：if we include如果包括我;包括在内

pending：during/until在期间/直到为止

regarding：about，concerning，in respect of

二、成语介词

according tas stated by/ in proportion根据依照

ahead of：further forward in space or time sb/sth; ealier tan sb/sth; further advanced than sb/sth

along with：in addition to;together with另外，加之，还有

apart from：exceping，not considering; in addition to除外/且莫说;除之外尚有

as for：with regard to至于

as from：on and after(a specified time)从一特定时 间开始

as of=as from

as regards：about，concerning至于，就。而论

as twith regard to关于，至于

because of：on account of，by reason

but for：without the help or hindrane 假如没有(帮助或障碍等);要不是

by means of凭借的方法

due to，because of由于

except for：not including，other than除了

老托福真题及答案 第8篇

The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed "art " Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative

France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian

The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920" It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World The basic tenet of the movement — that function should determine form — was not a new Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline and complex textural

老托福真题及答案 第9篇

首先，无论什么技巧都必须要有基本的单词量做基础。

没人喜欢背单词，但是只有有足够的单词量才能应对托福阅读中的各种层出不穷的问题。用的是谁的单词书其实没有多大分别，你只要认认真真的把一本单词书背个70%，那也就差不多了，托福阅读的主要考察对象不是单词，只是透过单词来表达一种意思，只要你能猜出来这种意思并且在这个基础上把题答对，那么，对少单词都不是问题。

其次，对于难句长句的理解。

还是要明白大意就好，但是要能够根据大意准确定位找到答案。大家可以专门找些难句和长句来进行有针对性的练习。把那些句子反复读，反复看，看上十几遍，觉得很通顺、觉得句子写得很好自己以后也要这么写了才算好。速度慢不是问题，但是坚持下来，大家对难句和长句的理解能力就好冥想提高。

再次，大家在专门练习托福阅读题的时候，还是多看看OG

OG是非常有指向性的，而且那上面说的一些小技巧还是不错的。Delta上的题目要难一些，主要是有一些题目需要考生进行引申、做一些文学上的理解，当然这些在托福中是不会出现的。所以做题的时候不要想得太复杂，第一感觉是什么就选什么，很有效。

托福阅读是一场考试，大家不可能有时间，把文章理解透彻，也没必要。能够在可能的情况下找到答案就好。所以在托福阅读技巧中，不求甚解是最实用的。明白这篇文章是写什么的，文章的架构什么样，一般看看每段首句就好了。做题目是那就是定位了，其实跟答题有关的就那么一句或两句话，借助上下文帮助理解还是能够答对的。

老托福真题及答案 第10篇

一、列举和并列句

列举指的是：
First, Second, Third,等逐条列出。并列句是指：
A ， B and C ，即逐项列出。它们共同的特征是列出二点或三点以上的条目。该类型语言点常考的题型是“细节性问题”，主要有两种：

Which 题型

该题型只要求从并列的三顶中选一项作为答案，其它条目与题目无关。在这种情况下，往往题目的答案出自最后一个选项 。

2 . EXCEPT 题型

该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目 4 个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合，题目便是要求选出这个不符合文章内容的选项。例如：
All of the following are mentioned as types of evidence concerning handedness EXCEPT ?

这种题型只适合于考并列、列举句，这是因为它要求其三个选项一定是文章中出现的，也就是并列或列举之处。利用这一特点.我们在读文章的时候就可多留意，如看到并列、列举句，可预想其有可能被考到;如发现题目中有“三缺一”题型，则应到并列、列举处找答案。

二、否定及转折句

否定句是指带有 NO 或 NOT ， NEVER 等否定词的句子，而转折句则指带有 HOWEVER ， BUT 或 RATHER 等关联词引导的句子，它们可以用下面的句型说明：
A is not B ， as C ， but is D 。对于以上的句型常出“推断性问题”。

三、举例句

句中由 as 或 such as ， for example 等引导的短语或句子为举例句，常考“推断性问题”和“细节性问题”。上面句型中的 as C 为插入的举例句。

四、数字与年代

文中的数字、年代、日期等常常是出题者注意的考题点。

五、最高级及绝对性词汇

文章中若出现 must ， all ， only ， anyone ， always ， never 等绝对性词汇或 first ， most beautiful 等最高级词汇，往往是考题要点，一般出“细节性题目”。这是因为它们都有一个共同的特点，那就是 概念绝对 ， 答案唯一 ，无论是出题还是做题，不会产出歧义和疑问，因此很容易出题，答案绝对正确。

相反地，如果文章中出现相对性的词汇、例如 Some of the people chose red hats,some chose green hats,and others blue 其中 some 为相对性词汇，如果我们出这样一道题：
What color hats did some people choose? 那么就没有唯一正确的答案，因为有可能为 red,green 或 blue ，给评卷带来困难。

六、比较级及比喻

如果文中含有 more than 或 as ， like ( a fly )等句型，则为比较级或比喻句结构，往往也是考题点，一般出“推断性题目”。

七、同位语及插入语

文章中带有由 that is ， ， or 等词汇引导的名词词组，放在一个名词后面，为同位语;插入语是指副词、不定式、分词、从句等结构故在句首，句中或句尾，不做句子成分，但修饰整个句子、表达作者感情的语法结构。

这些用逗号隔开的持殊结构往往也是考查的重点，一般会出“细节性题目”。

八、因果句

句中若有如下结构或词汇的称为因果句：

(1) 因果连词：
because ， since ， for ， as ， therefore ， so ， consequently 等

(2) 表示因果的动词：
cause ， result in ， originate from 等;

需要注意的是一旦完成了一个部分的考试便无法返回该部分内容，即进入第二部分以后便无法返回第一部分，加试同理。所以大家在做题的时候要认真仔细。

托福阅读辅导:老托福阅读真题及答案 passage 21相关

老托福真题及答案 第11篇

Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize

If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to be correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and

Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals, although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally Both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis — that is, they become diseased and die — after being penetrated by a parasite; the parasite itself subsequently ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or a few cells around the entry Several theories have been put forward to explain the basis of hypersensitive

老托福真题及答案 第12篇

What is the main idea of the passage ?

(A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century

(B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770"

(C) Many foreign sculptors worked in the United States after

(D) American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and

The word "motifs" in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) tools

(B) prints

(C) signatures

(D) designs

The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds?

(A) European sculptors

(B) Carpenters

(C) Stone carves

(D) Cabinetmakers

The word "others" in line 6 refers to

(A) craftspeople

(B) decorations

(C) ornamentations

(D) shop signs

The word "distinct" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) separate

(B) assembled

(C) notable

(D) inferior

The word "rare" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) festive

(B) infrequent

(C) delightful

(D) unexpected

Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13?

(A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United

(B) He was well known for his wood carvings

(C) He produced sculpture for

(D) He settled in the United States in

What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England?

(A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import

(B) Such sculpture was not available in the United

(C) Such sculpture was as prestigious as those made

(D) The materials found abroad were

How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors?

(A) It was less time-consuming

(B) It was more

(C) It was more

(D) It was less

老托福真题及答案 第13篇

有许多学员这么和我说，老托的阅读要比新托简单得多，甚至不看文章也能做对题。其实不然。我们知道，原来老托是350字一篇文章，10分钟。现在新托是700字左右一篇文章，20分钟内完成12-14题。按照时间比例来说，时间对考生是绰绰有余的。但是为什么众多考生还是会有这样的感觉呢?

问题就出在托福的题目上，现在新托福阅读的题目四个选项长度呈不断加长趋势。有很多考生用在理解题目和选项的时间就远远超过答题时间。这样的话就直接影响了后面题目的答题质量。如果出现阅读加试，很多考生就一个头两个大了。

这主要还是因为考生在准备新托福阅读考试过程中太注重技巧的提炼，而忘记了学习英语最根本的还是在对语言的掌握上。因此在这里给大家提几点复习新托福阅读的几点建议：

如果基础一般的同学，想要参加托福考试，最好提前3-4个月准备起来。一本好的词汇书是必不可少的。其实背哪一本词汇书不是重点所在，重要的是能够持之以恒，每天对所背的词汇进行复习和总结。因为你在做词汇题时如果能遇到你熟悉的词，可以节省你会到文章中去看上下文猜词的时间。虽然不能保证背到就一定能考到，但是单词可以帮助你更好的理解文章。曾经有一名语言专家这样说过：“Without grammar, little can be conveyed and without vocabulary, nothing can be ”足以说明词汇的重要性。

然后要从理解文章的结构开始理解文章。我们要明白，托福考试的阅读文章都是北美校园基础课程的文章，基本没有做过改动。所以文章的结构就是完全按照美式作文的五段法，我们的考生只要用这样的方式去分析每一篇文章，就会发现他们的结构是大同小异的。

积累背景知识对我们来说相当的重要，因此我们在做新托福阅读的题目的同时，也应该在空余的时候多阅读课外读物，原版杂志。譬如，国家地理，自然，今日美国等一些著名的原版杂志，这不仅可以扩充我们的背景知识，同时也可以补充我们在词汇量上的不足。

在复习的最后阶段，做做模拟练习题是必不可少的。如果有条件的话，最好做一下模考软件。因为这样可以模仿新托福机考的真实场景。比较推荐的模考软件有Barron, Kaplan以及一些比较权威的模考网站。当然在你报名时托福官方网站提供给你的那一套不完整的模考题也是很有参考价值的。

老托福真题及答案 第14篇

老托福阅读原文 passage 21

The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, while others caved wooden shop signs and ships" Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct from what we normally think of as "sculptors" in today"s use of the

On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770"s when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Wilton also made a lead equestrian image of King George III that was created in New York in 1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years A few marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations were produced in England and brought to the colonies to be set in the walls of churches — as in King"s Chapel in But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling, casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was not known among Americans in Indeed, for many years thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to choose — either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of European

The eighteenth century was not one in which powered sculptural conceptions were Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans — originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers — attacked the medium from which they sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth

老托福真题及答案 第15篇

By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United The ice trade grew with the growth of Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been

Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient

But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce

老托福真题及答案 第16篇

托福考试阅读部分一篇文章一般较长，所以一般是以段落为单位的。有时候可能会有学生说我做题的时候并不会去看整段啊，或者有学生说我看懂了哎，但题目就是没做对啊!其实我们在阅读一个段落时要学会使用方法，是什么方法可以帮助我们快速阅读呢?

要读懂一个段落我们只需要抓住几个关键词而已。那么关键词怎么抓呢?一是看逻辑信号词;二是读句子的时候一定牢记只看主干!下面我们就以托福TPO25中的文章The Decline of Venetian Shipping为例，说说如何巧抓关键词。

TPO25-2 The Decline of Venetian Shipping：

Paragraph 2 This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and First， Venic’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties， were lost to direct In the fifteenth century there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)：
guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called In the early sixteenth century the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater and greater problem， despite continuous appeal to Venic’s tradition of maritime Even though sailors’ wages doubled among the northern Italian cities from 1550 to 1590， this did not elicit an increased

以上算得上是托福阅读中较长的段落了，在快速阅读这个段落的时候我们要找的关键词是：逻辑信号词—如段落中所标示的first， but， this… 我们不难发现这些信号词所在的句子基本都是解题的信息点。那么在做题定位时不妨多加留意。当然，抓住这些关键词并不难，难在理解。

接下来我们就来看看理解这些句子时的关键词。每段话的首句是必定要读的。This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade。这是包含了一个定语从句的复杂句。先看到核心词changes，再看到Venetian shipping and trade。这篇文章接下来具体要写的内容就展露无遗，也就是威尼斯船业和贸易的变迁。

First，这当然是开始写shipping的标志了。Venice’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties， were lost to direct 我们一直强调句子要读主干，那么简单地看这个句子就是Venice’s functions were lost， 核心词很显然是lost，也对应了整篇文章的主题 接下来两句写到了15和16世纪遇到的船员难招的问题。…there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)：
guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called 这句话中有冒号的出现，阅读冒号之前的内容there was little problem;到下一句：the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer 这句中要看到的核心是not serious;再往后看到But….to be a greater and greater 到这里意思应该已经一目了然了，就是讲威尼斯船业在招聘船员方面所遭遇的变迁：little problem—not serious —greater

刚才我们讲了文章阅读部分要抓关键词，其实我们在阅读题目和选项时也是需要寻找关键词的。有些题目的选项是比较长的，四个选项看上去也差不多一段话了，所以一定要抓住关键词判断才行，如否定词、比较词和并列词。这些是快速浏览选项的第一步。再次也要看到题干和每个选项中能让我们快速定位到原文的关键词。我们还是以托福TPO25为例：

TPO25-1 The Surface of Mars

Paragraph 5 As on the Moon， the extent of large impact cratering ( craters too big to have been filled in by erosion since they were formed) serves as an age indicator for the Martian Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。

According to paragraph 5， what have scientists been able to determine from studies of large impact cratering on Mars?

Some Martian volcanoes are much older than was once thought。

The age of Mars’s surface can vary from area to area。

Large impact craters are not reliable indicators of age in areas with high volcanic activity。

Some areas of the Martian surface appear to be older than they actually are。

划出选项中的关键词后，定位到原文迅速浏览发现原文中并无如A和D选项中的比较，C中的否定词not和原文是明显相矛盾的，故而选择B，而B选项对应的恰好是本段末句：Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。

根据以上分析，我们应该明白在阅读之时何为关键词。简单地讲有定位关键词和判断关键词。定位关键词包括题干及选项中的名词，还有就是段落中那些一直向你示好的逻辑信号词了，不要忘记用它们找到你解题需要的信息。判断关键词是选项中那些有特色的词汇，包括否定词，比较词或者是句子主干中的动词等，根据这些词和原文进行对应，至少有一半的选项可以迅速被排除。

老托福真题及答案 第17篇

托福中的词汇题是不是让同学们的都很手足无措，可能新手考生还不太明白什么是阅读中的词汇题，即选择4个选项中和原文某一词汇意义表达相同的选项，题目基本都为The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to 为什么很多考生会对词汇题束手无措?一方面是因为考生的词汇量达不到，OG中词汇题的解释里有一句话，there is no "list of words" that must be 这句话就告诉考生死了那条心去背所谓的大纲词汇，因为没有大纲，而考试中要考查到的单词可能是来自牛津字典或朗文字典中的任何一个单词，范围大的离谱;而另一方面则是因为有的考生没有学会从上下文或者从语法结构去猜测词义。因为OG中的解释还有一句a word might have more than one meaning， but in the reading passage，only one of those meaning is relevant。

所以很有可能考生在考试中所碰到的词汇并不是已经让人熟知的第一词义，而是要根据语境上下文推断出的第二词义甚至是第三词义，所以又对考生做题增加了难度。最可悲的是不仅文章中的单词意思不知道，连4个选项中的单词都有不认识不熟悉的，这样的结果就只能是乱猜一气，听天由命全凭运气，当然考试结果也不会好。所以在此朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家将给考生一点准备新托福阅读考试词汇题的建议和解题方法，希望能给考生攻克词汇题给予一些帮助。

Tip 1: 单词记忆

单词记忆主要就是背单词。背单词是很多同学觉得非常痛苦的事情，经常会有学生来问药怎么背，背了一些又马上忘了另外一些。所以关于如何去背单词，在这里有几点建议：1、利用零散的时间背单词。利用零散的时间背单词可以使用单词卡片。不过，为了保证效率，首先要确定哪些单词需要记忆。理论上，单词量越多越好。实际上，如果一味贪多，结果容易打疲劳战，而且效率低。所以，只记那些常考的核心词汇，而对于那些不太常用的学科名词、物质名词一般加以忽略。2、进行高频率的重复，建议把重复的周期控制在7天以内。具体说来，就是每天背100个单词，将过一遍这些单词的时间控制在半个小时以内，每天过4遍，第二天再过一遍前一天的。如果程度不是很好的同学可以压缩到50个左右，但尽量不要低于50个。单词材料可以找一些相关的新托福阅读词汇书，或者是以往考过的词汇题内容。3、把背单词和阅读相结合。广泛的阅读也是增加词汇量的一种方法，并且能够在阅读中加强对已经背过的单词的记忆。当一篇文章的生词量在5%左右的时候，这些生词的词义是可推的。所以我们在选择阅读材料的时候，应尽量将单词量控制在10%左右。单词太多，看不懂文章，太少又起不到提高的作用。相关材料可以上一些网站看，例如economist，national geographic等等。

Tip 2: 词根词缀

有了一定的单词基础，那么通过词根词缀去猜单词也不成问题了。而且除了单词有同义词，词根词缀也有同义关系。例如都是表达否定的同义前缀就有in-，un， non-，dis-等等，表示否定的后缀有-less，所以当看到题目中的单词有这类的否定含义，那么就可以去找选择项中也有否定前缀和后缀的词，也许就是正确选项，因为都是具有否定关系的。例如incalculable和unmeasured就是一组同义词。所以对于一些常见词缀词根是需要考生记忆的。具体有哪些可以参见一些英语字典的附录。

Tip 3: 逻辑关系

逻辑关系主要是看上下文及背景内容。比较常见的逻辑关系是并列，转折，因果，递进等，所以考生要特别注意记忆逻辑关系连接词。例如这句话The heavy amounts of heat and pollution rising form cities both delay and stimulate the fall of precipitation，depriving some areas of rain while drenching others。这句话中出现一个逻辑关系连接词while，这个词是表示一种转折，意思是然而，所以drenching和之前的动作depriving构成了反义关系，depriving意思是剥夺，所以drenching可以猜测其意可能与剥夺相反，前文为剥夺了一些地方的雨，那么相反就是给予另一些地方更多的雨，所以可以看到选择项中C。

Thoroughly wetting就是表达了多雨这个意思。而drenching本意就是湿透的意思。

Tip 4:代入验证

由于新托福的题目都是单选题，所以范围已经缩小到四选一，尤其是对词汇题来说，有一种方法就是将选项中的词放入到原文中去阅读，看意思与上下文是否合拍通顺，如文章中选择的单词前后有介词，就更能显出代入验证的好处。例如有这样一句话:When hoisted up in the sky， the microscopic particles act 选择项则为 Lifted ， 四个选项代入后，发现只有A选项能和后面的介词UP连接通顺，所以答案就是A选项，表示升起的意思。

托福阅读辅导:老托福阅读真题及答案 passage30相关

老托福真题及答案 第18篇

Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern Of all the birds on these cliffs, the black-legged kittiwake gull is the best suited for nesting on narrow Although its nesting habits are similar to those of gulls that nest on flat ground, there are a number of important differences related to the cliff-nesting

The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal This immunity has been followed by a relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do not react to predators nearly as fiercely as do ground-nesting A colony of Bonaparte"s gulls responds to the appearance of a predatory herring gull by flying up as a group with a clamor of alarm calls, followed by concerted mobbing, but kittiwakes simply ignore herring gulls, since they pose little threat to nests on Neither do kittiwakes attempt to conceal their Most gulls keep the nest area clear of droppings, and remove empty eggshells after the chicks have hatched, so that the location of the nest is not given Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as well as their tendency to leave the nest littered with eggshells, makes its location very

On the other hand, nesting on a narrow ledge has its own peculiar problems, and kittiwake behavior has become adapted to overcome The female kittiwake sits when mating, whereas other gulls stand, so the pair will not overbalance and fall off the The nest is a deep cup, made of mud or seaweed, to hold the eggs safely, compared with the shallow scrape of other gulls, and the chicks are remarkably immobile until fully They do not run from their nests when approached, and if they should come near to the cliff edge, they instinctively turn

老托福真题及答案 第19篇

福阅读要高分策略相比口语写作而言相对简单，但是也是一大挑战。下面，天道小编就来和大家谈谈要拿到托福阅读高分策略28+都有哪些需要了解的呢?

托福阅读高分策略

想得28分以上，一般就是错3个左右，也就是不含加试一篇一个。给自己的要求：不能错词汇题以外的任何题

托福阅读时间：

15分钟一篇，一篇13/14道题。(官方要求是20分钟一篇)

13道题中除了4道词汇题(30‘’)1道多选题(1’30‘’)之外，其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段，大概第8题/第9题的样子，是一段会出2道理解题的段落。题目编排，近几年的TPO一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难，生词多，第三篇简单难度类似早期TPO。

在题目上一般是(细节 词汇，细节 作用， 细节 词汇， 细节 词汇 改写， 细节 词汇， 黑点 大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph )再加一道其他题，早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。

简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题，尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间，用下面的方法去读的话，20分钟一般都是够用的。

托福阅读障碍：

速度：1’大概150-170字，生词量一般而且前后不出现感觉自相矛盾需要停下来想的情况下。

选项：词汇量一般，有时词汇题的相似词汇不造句都感觉不出区别。

新托福阅读真题训练技巧：

1，粗看下文章的段数，对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段，那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话，对文章的整体意思心中有数。

2，每段段首变成中文理解，以迅速的进入状态，并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题，这段的段首也要读)

3，每读一段整理一次逻辑，A支持的观点是，A的观点的问题是B的观点是。(记忆法，图像帮助理解，逻辑帮助记忆，生成图像来理解含义，对逻辑部分用色彩记忆红黄绿记忆法，每一段的第一句作为逻辑中心标记黄色。

这段如果讲倒推如原因，在脑中的逻辑框架就在红色的区域生成记忆，如果正推将后果等就在绿色区域生成图像，读完全文留下来的会是每一排都是红黄绿三色的逻辑关系，每一段都纵向罗列，如下)红——黄——绿

4，鉴于每段都会出细节题，如果有词汇题等先只看一句话，做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章，鉴于有四个选项，选一个对的或者不对的，看的时候自己要边看边总结，比如总结出三个步骤， 解释了三个方面的问题，或者其他。5，要检查，每个不确定的题都标上guess回来看，我不确定的题错的概率还是非常高的。如果不走神的理解全文，一般15分钟是够的，还能剩下几分钟检查。

新托福阅读真题做题策略：

词汇题、句子改写题——只读该句不读完整段(30‘ _ + 1’_1)耗时3分钟

词汇题看好单词的词性、发出者(是人，是物)，保持一致的最对，看这一句即可。

In the past,whole cities grew from the arduoustask of cutting and piling stone Some of the world’s finest stonearchitecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the eastern Andes

Mountains

of 猜词是保证不了完全准了，根据意思，这道题排除BD，剩下AC很是纠结，但是看task本身，skilled task这种说法小奇怪，一般是skilled workers，所以选A

The word “arduous” in the passage is closest inmeaning to

○Difficult○Necessary○Skilled○Shared

词汇题一直是难点超爱错，猜出来的，如果有时间检查一定要再看一下，从ETS出题的角度考虑。

要拿托福阅读高分就需要付出艰辛的努力，坚持到底就是胜利，虽不能确保一定成功，但是收获是必须的，祝大家都能学会托福阅读高分策略的做法，争取到高分。

托福阅读辅导:老托福阅读真题及答案 passage20相关

老托福真题及答案 第20篇

托福阅读中的推理题是指重要信息隐藏在文章中，不会直接表露出来，需要考生自己从表面内容中推理出。因此，考生们在做托福阅读推理题的时候不能错过每一个信息点，因为这些可能都是最后答案的重要凭证。

推理题的题干中常出现infer, imply , most likely (least likely) 或probably 等词语。根据OG， 在IBT 阅读的3篇文章中，每篇会有0-2道这类问题，一次考试总共有3-4道推断题。

一、推理题的两大分类：有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题。

这 里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。一般来说，大多数的推理题都属于这类题 目。对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。返回原文找信息点，采用排除 法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。

二、推理题的三个具体的解题思路：

1、一般对比推理：

根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。

2、时间对比推理：

在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。

3、集合概念推理 ：

一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。这个比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：

例 如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and

What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?

(A) New technological developments had little effect on

(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture

(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the

(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural

文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降，所以(B)为正确答案。

三、解答这类题目需要注意的信息点：

日期和数字。

关键词：

表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;

情态动词：may, can , could…;

表示过去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;

表示不是唯一的：
not only ,not exclusively等。

托福阅读辅导:老托福阅读真题及答案 passage12相关

老托福真题及答案 第21篇

为什么很多考生会对词汇题束手无措?一方面是因为考生的词汇量达不到，OG中词汇题的解释里有一句话，there is no “list of words” that must be 这句话就告诉考生死了那条心去背所谓的大纲词汇，因为没有大纲，而考试中要考查到的单词可能是来自牛津字典或朗文字典中的任何一个单词，范围大的离谱;而另一方面则是因为有的考生没有学会从上下文或者从语法结构去猜测词义。

因为OG中的解释还有一句a word might have more than one meaning, but in the reading passage, only one of those meaning is 所以很有可能考生在考试中所碰到的词汇并不是已经让人熟知的第一词义，而是要根据语境上下文推断出的第二词义甚至是第三词义，所以又对考生做题增加了难度。最可悲的是不仅文章中的单词意思不知道，连4个选项中的单词都有不认识不熟悉的，这样的结果就只能是乱猜一气，听天由命全凭运气，当然考试结果也不会好。所以在此将给考生一点准备新托福阅读考试词汇题的建议和解题方法，希望能给考生攻克词汇题给予一些帮助。

Tip: 单词记忆

单词记忆主要就是背单词。背单词是很多同学觉得非常痛苦的事情，经常会有学生来问药怎么背，背了一些又马上忘了另外一些。所以关于如何去背单词，在这里有几点建议：

1、利用零散的时间背单词。利用零散的时间背单词可以使用单词卡片。不过，为了保证效率，首先要确定哪些单词需要记忆。理论上，单词量越多越好。实际上，如果一味贪多，结果容易打疲劳战，而且效率低。所以，只记那些常考的核心词汇，而对于那些不太常用的学科名词、物质名词一般加以忽略。

2、进行高频率的重复，建议把重复的周期控制在7天以内。具体说来，就是每天背100个单词，将过一遍这些单词的时间控制在半个小时以内，每天过4遍，第二天再过一遍前一天的。如果程度不是很好的同学可以压缩到50个左右，但尽量不要低于50个。单词材料可以找一些相关的新托福阅读词汇书，或者是以往考过的词汇题内容。

把背单词和阅读相结合。广泛的阅读也是增加词汇量的一种方法，并且能够在阅读中加强对已经背过的单词的记忆。当一篇文章的生词量在5%左右的时候，这些生词的词义是可推的。所以我们在选择阅读材料的时候，应尽量将单词量控制在10%左右。单词太多，看不懂文章，太少又起不到提高的作用。相关材料可以上一些网站看，例如economist, national geographic等等。

托福阅读辅导:老托福阅读真题及答案 passage11相关

老托福真题及答案 第22篇

PASSAGE 30

Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects — it is estimated that 90 percent of the world"s species have scientific As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as

Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour"s walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well

A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly personal communication citations, even for In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation

In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be

Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Their physical characteristics

(B) Their names

(C) Their adaptation to different habitats

(D) Their variety

The word consequence in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) result

(B) explanation

(C) analysis

(D) requirement

Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues

because they

(A) are simple in structure

(B) are viewed positively by people

(C) have been given scientific names

(D) are found mainly in temperate climates

The word striking in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) physical

(B) confusing

(C) noticeable

(D) successful

The word exceed in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) locate

(B) allow

(C) go beyond

(D) come close to

All of the following are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity

EXCEPT

(A) differences between temperate and tropical zones

(B) patterns of distribution of species in each region

(C) migration among temperate and tropical zones

(D) variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants

The author mentions tropical Asia in lines 19 as an example of a location where

(A) butterfly behavior varies with climate

(B) a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly established

(C) butterflies are affected by human populations

(D) documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterfly species

Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists?

(A) European butterfly habitats

(B) Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions

(C) Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region

(D) Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups

The word generated in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) requested

(B) caused

(C) assisted

(D) estimated

PASSAGE 30 DABCC CBCB

老托福真题及答案 第23篇

词汇

从某种意义上来讲，词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上)，纵然你有"葵花宝典"在手，也只能命丧ETS的"毒招"之下。所以，以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习简直是一味巨毒无比的“五毒散”。

通过练习使学生养成高效的阅读方法--即所谓的阅读技巧

TOEFL的阅读量非常大，一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完，所谓的"扫读法"、"跳读法"和"略读法"也只能适用于少数类型的文章，根本不能解决本质问题。那么，文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话，主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息，而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位，主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物，文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨，而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练，考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样，通过阅读文章的几处关键部位，就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系，也就解决了问题的70%。

解题训练

排除法恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上，这种方法具有致命的缺点：干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后，就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐养成和加强，决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。

老托福真题及答案 第24篇

In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk A heavy timber called the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching

Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the On these rested the ends of a "lug pole" from which pots were suspended when Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the When iron became easier to obtain, it was used instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots

Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were built with the opening facing into the On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of "oven wood," consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls were extremely The embers were later removed, bread dough was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the bread was fully

Not all baking was done in a big oven, Also used was an iron "bake kettle," which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron This is said to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by glowing wood embers, with more embers piled on its

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